Access Rules: An access rule identifies legitimate traffic and threats through access control lists.
API Security Ruleset: An API Security rule validates the payload for POST, PUT, and PATCH requests against a JSON schema.
Rate Rules: A rate rule defines the rate of traffic that may be directed to one or more web sites.
Bot Manager: A bot manager configuration identifies bot traffic.
Custom Rules: A custom rule identifies threats using custom criteria that takes into account your site’s traffic profile to avoid false positives.
Managed Rules: A managed rule identifies threats through threat detection policies.
Client-Side Protection Policy: A Client-Side Protection policy detects and mitigates attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS) and code injection, by applying a Content Security Policy to your traffic.
Identifies how the above rules are enforced on rate limited requests or threats .
Allows you to audit new access rules, API Security rules, custom rules, and managed rules without impacting production traffic while keeping your applications secure with known configurations.
Use the Threats tab of the Security dashboard to isolate and analyze threats detected as a result of an audit of new access rules, API Security rules, custom rules, and managed rules.
The ability to secure and audit your production traffic using separate configurations requires Edgio Security Premier, Business, or Essentials. Contact your account manager or our sales department at 1 (866) 200 - 5463 to upgrade your account.
By default, a Security App configuration applies to all hosts. However, you may limit a Security App configuration to one or more hosts. Edgio Security compares the entire Host header value against the specified value.
Key information:
The Host header identifies either a hostname or IP address using the following syntax:
<Host>
<Host>:<Port>
The CDN only accepts HTTP/HTTPS requests on standard ports (i.e., 80 and 443). Typically, a Host request header does not include port information for standard ports. However, the requesting user agent defines the Host request header submitted to the CDN.
For the purpose of this comparison, the hostname defined by this match condition will not be resolved to an IP address.
For the purpose of this comparison, an origin configuration’s Override Host Header option is irrelevant.
Edgio Security supports various comparison modes (i.e., exact match, wildcard, and regular expression).
By default, a Security App configuration applies to all URL paths. However, you may limit a Security App configuration to one or more URL paths. Edgio Security compares the entire URL path against the specified value.
Key information:
URL path comparisons start directly after the hostname.
/<Path>/<Asset>
Example:
/marketing/brochures/widget.htm
A partial match does not count towards the rate limit.
Example:
Given the above sample configuration, the following request would not count towards the rate limit:
Your Security App configuration determines how Edgio Security compares a request’s host or URL path against the specified value. The available modes are listed below.
Default: Edgio Security will not perform a comparison. It will apply the current Security App configuration to all hosts or URL paths.
Wildcard match: Use this mode to specify a wildcard pattern.
Regex match: Use this mode to specify a regular expression.
Wildcard and regular expression match comparison modes require Edgio Security Premier, Business, or Essentials. Contact your account manager or our sales department at 1 (866) 200 - 5463 to upgrade your account.
Edgio Security compares the specified value(s) against the entire host or URL path.
It will only apply this Security App configuration to a request when one of the specified value(s) is an exact match. This comparison is case-sensitive.
Edgio Security checks whether the entire host or URL path is a case-sensitive match for the wildcard pattern. The supported set of wildcards are listed below.
*: Matches zero or more characters.
Example:cat*
Matches:cat | category | muscat
Does not match:cAt | Category
?: Matches a single character.
Example:cat?
Matches:cats | muscats
Does not match:Cats | cat
[abc]: Matches a single character defined within the brackets.
Example:[cm]art
Matches:cart | mart
Does not match:tart | start
[a-z]: Matches a single character from the specified range.
Example:[a-z]art
Matches:cart | mart | tart
Does not match:Cart | marT | start
[!abc]: Matches a single character that is not defined within the brackets.
Example:[!cm]art
Matches:Cart | Mart | tart
Does not match:cart | mart | tArt
[!a-z]: Matches a single character that is excluded from the specified range.
Example:[!a-m]art
Matches:Cart | Mart | tart
Does not match:cart | mart | tArt
Example:
Setting the URL path(s) option to the following value allows Edgio Security to apply this Security App configuration to any request whose URL path starts with /marketing/: /marketing/*
The following sample request will match the above pattern:
Identify threats by adding the following rule(s) to your Security App configuration:
Access Rules: An access rule identifies legitimate traffic and threats through access control lists.
API Security Ruleset: An API Security rule identifies threats by validating the payload of POST, PUT, and PATCH requests against a JSON schema.
Rate Rules: A rate rule defines a limit for the rate at which your content may be requested.
Requests that originate from rate limited clients will not count towards the rate limit. Upon the expiration of the time period defined in the Time period option, we will resume counting these requests. If the client exceeds the rate limit again, then this action will be reapplied to it for the duration defined by this option. A “client” is defined by each rate rule’s Apply rate limit to option. Learn how rate limits are applied to clients.
Bot Manager: A bot manager configuration determines how bot traffic will be detected and the enforcement action that will be applied to bot traffic.
Bot Manager Standard is restricted to serving browser challenges.
Custom Rules: A custom rule identifies threats using custom criteria that takes into account your site’s traffic profile to avoid false positives.
Managed Rules: A managed rule identifies threats through threat detection policies.
You may apply an access, custom, or managed rule in one of the following modes:
Production: This mode secures your application by allowing you to choose from a variety of actions through which your security policy will be enforced.
Audit: This mode allows you to test new security policies without impacting production traffic. Requests that are identified as threats are logged. Use the Threats tab of the Security dashboard to analyze detected
threats and check for false positives. You should apply this security policy to production traffic once you are confident that it will generate minimal false positives.
Rate rules and Bot Manager may only run in production mode. You cannot run them in audit mode.
Although you may audit a security policy that has been applied to production traffic (i.e., production mode), this will cause the same threat to be logged twice.
Edgio uses a client’s IP address in various ways, such as identifying the client’s geolocation for use with access control lists and rate limiting. By default, Edgio gets a client’s IP address from the request submitted to our network. However, you may wish to override this behavior under certain circumstances, such as testing or if Edgio is behind another CDN. For these cases, you can instruct Edgio to look up a client’s IP address through a request header by setting a Security Application’s Use Header for Client IP option to the desired request header.
Enabling this advanced setting has the potential to negatively impact Edgio Security’s ability to secure or rate limit your traffic. Edgio does not validate the request header defined within the Use Header for Client IP option. We strongly recommend that you verify the spelling of the request header’s name. You should also verify that the request header will be populated with the desired IP address(es).
You may customize how rules that run in production mode will be enforced. Enforcement is triggered when:
A threat is detected when the security policy defined within an access rule, custom rule, or managed rule is violated.
A rate limit defined within a rate rule is exceeded.
Rules that run in audit mode are restricted to alerting. This enforcement action cannot be customized.
Rate rules and Bot Manager may only run in production mode. You cannot run them in audit mode.
The available enforcement actions are described below.
Alert Only: Rate limited requests or detected threats will only generate an alert.
Our recommendation for testing new configurations is to use audit mode instead of applying the Alert Only enforcement action to a rule running in production mode.
Edgio Security applies a single enforcement action per mode (i.e., production or audit). Once enforcement is triggered for that mode, Edgio Security does not perform further evaluation of that request. If you are setting up a rule in production mode, we recommend that you limit your use of the Alert Only enforcement to the shortest amount of time necessary to validate changes to your configuration.
Block Request: Detected threats will be dropped and the client will receive a 403 Forbidden response.
Custom Response: Rate limited requests or detected threats will receive a custom response.
Response Body: Define the payload that will be delivered to the client in response to a detected threat.
This option supports the use of event variables to customize the response according to the detected threat.
Sample payload for a CSS file:
1body {
2
3 background-color: #ffffff;
4}
HTTP Status Code: Defines the HTTP status code that will be sent to the client.
View valid status codes.
100
101
102
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
226
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
421
422
423
424
426
428
429
431
451
500
501
502
503
504
505
507
508
509
510
511
Custom Response Headers: Defines one or more response headers that will be sent to the client. Add a custom response header by clicking + Add Response Header, setting the Name option to the name of the response header, and then setting the Value option to the response header value.
This option supports the use of event variables to customize the response according to the detected threat.
All characters, including spaces, will be treated as a part of the specified header name or value, respectively.
Drop request: Rate rules only. Rate limited requests will be dropped and the client will receive the following response:
HTTP status code:503 Service Unavailable
Response header:Retry-After: 10 seconds
The Retry-After response header provides a hint to the client as to when service may resume.
Redirect (HTTP 302): Rate limited requests or detected threats will be redirected to the specified URL.
Key information:
The HTTP status code for this response will be a 302 Found.
Set the URL option to the full URL to which rate limited requests or detected threats will be redirected.
Each detected threat is logged regardless of enforcement action (i.e., block, custom response, redirect, or alert). View logged threats from the Threats, Bots, Rates, or Rate Enforcement tabs of the Security dashboard.
Sensitive data (e.g., credit card information or passwords) can be redacted from our event logs.
The recommended practice is to create a Security App configuration that is tuned for each of your applications. This allows you to apply a restrictive security policy with minimal false positives. Each Security App configuration’s host and URL path conditions determine the set of traffic to which it may be applied. If a request is eligible to be screened by multiple Security App configurations, then Edgio Security will screen it using the first eligible configuration in the list.
Reorder Security App configurations by dragging the desired configuration’s icon to the desired position.
You may create, modify, and delete Security App configurations.
Key information:
Administer Security App configurations from the Security App page.
Identify the set of traffic (e.g., all requests or by origin) to which your security policy will be applied by balancing the need to secure as much traffic as possible with the level of restrictive measures imposed by it.
The recommended approach is to apply the most restrictive policy to as much traffic as possible while causing minimal impact to data delivery.
Rules are administered independently from Security App configurations. This allows you to use the same rule within multiple Security App configurations. Leverage this capability to tailor security screening by application or traffic
profile.
Use audit mode to verify that new access rules, API Security rules, custom rules, and managed rules will not generate substantial false positives.
It may take up to 2 minutes for an updated Security App configuration to be applied across our entire network.
To create a Security App configuration
Navigate to the Security Apps page.
From the Edgio Console, select the desired organization.
From the Security section, click Security Apps.
Click + New Security App.
In the Name option, type the unique name by which this Security App configuration will be identified.
Optional. Identify the set of traffic to which this security policy will be applied by defining a hostname and/or URL path through the Hostname and URL path(s) options.
Select one of the following modes:
Default: Use this mode to apply this Security App configuration regardless of the request’s host or URL path.
Exact match (multiple entries): Use this mode to apply this Security App configuration to the specified hostname(s) or URL path(s).
Regex match: Use this mode to apply this Security App configuration to all hostnames or URL paths that satisfy the specified regular expression pattern.
Enable the Negative match option to configure a Security App configuration to look for requests that do not match the specified value or pattern.
Optional. Select an access rule through which production traffic will be screened and determine how threats identified by it are handled.
From the Rules section, click Access Rule.
From the Production Access Rule option, select the desired access rule.
Optional. From the Action name option, type a name that describes the enforcement action configuration.
From the Action type option, determine how threats identified by the access rule selected in step 5.2 will be handled (i.e., block, alert, redirect, or send a custom response).
From the Audit Access Rule option, select the desired access rule.
Filter the Threats tab of the Security dashboard by the above access rule or the audit profile type to track detected threats.
Disable auditing by setting the Audit Access Rule option to No Audit Rule.
Optional. Select an API Security ruleset through which production traffic will be screened and determine how threats identified by it are handled.
From the Rules section, click API Security Rule.
From the Production API Security Rule option, select the desired API Security ruleset.
From the Action type option, determine how threats identified by the API Security ruleset selected in step 7.2 will be handled (i.e., block, alert, redirect, or send a custom response).
From the Audit API Security Rule option, select the desired API Security ruleset.
Filter the Threats tab of the Security dashboard by the above API Security ruleset or the audit profile type to track detected threats.
Disable auditing by setting the Audit API Security Rule option to No Audit Rule.
Optional. Select a rate rule through which production traffic will be rate limited.
From the Rules section, click Rate Rule.
From the Add Rate Rule option, select the desired rate rule.
If the selected rate rule contains a condition group, then a request must satisfy the Security App configuration’s host and URL path match conditions and all of the conditions within at least one condition group in order to be eligible for rate limiting.
Optional. From the Action name option, type a name that describes the enforcement action configuration.
From the Action type option, determine how threats identified by the rate rule selected in step 9.2 will be handled (i.e., drop request, alert, redirect, or send a custom response).
Edgio Security does not perform further evaluation of a request once enforcement is triggered. For this reason, we recommend that you limit your use of the Alert Only enforcement to the shortest amount of time necessary to validate changes to your configuration.
From the Time period option, select the time period for which the action selected in the next step will be applied to clients that exceed the rate limit defined in the rate rule selected in step 9.2.
A “client” is defined by each rate rule according to the Apply rate limit to option. For example, configuring that option to Any request will apply the selectedaction to all requests regardless of the number of requests generated by each device. Alternatively, identifying clients by IP Address will only apply the selected action to requests that originate from each IP address that violates the specified rate limit.
If you would like to apply an additional rate limit, then repeat steps 9.2 - 9.5.
Use multiple rate rules to apply different rate limits to various traffic profiles. Set up this type of configuration using either a single or multiple Security App configurations. If you assign multiple rate rules to a single
Security App configuration, then each rate rule should contain one or more condition group(s).
Optional. Select a bot manager configuration that identifies the set of production traffic that will be secured by Bot Manager.
From the Rules section, click Bot Manager.
From the Production Bot Rule option, select the desired bot manager configuration.
Perform the following steps if the selected bot manager configuration uses reCAPTCHA:
Toggle the reCAPTCHA off option to reCAPTCHA on.
If you have not already added Google reCAPTCHA v3 to your site, add it now.
Set the reCAPTCHA Site Key option to the site key provided by Google.
Set the reCAPTCHA Secret Key option to the secret key provided by Google.
Optional. Select a custom rule through which production traffic will be screened and determine how threats identified by it are handled.
From the Rules section, click Custom Rule.
From the Production Custom Rule option, select the desired custom rule.
Optional. From the Action name option, type a name that describes the enforcement action configuration.
From the Action type option, determine how threats identified by the custom rule selected in step 11.2 will be handled (i.e., block, alert, redirect, or send a custom response).
From the Audit Custom Rule option, select the desired custom rule.
Filter the Threats tab of the Security dashboard by the above custom rule or the audit profile type to track detected threats.
Disable auditing by setting the Audit Custom Rule option
to No Audit Rule.
Optional. Select a managed rule through which production traffic will be screened and determine how threats identified by it are handled.
From the Rules section, click Managed Rule.
From the Production Managed Rule option, select the desired managed rule.
Optional. From the Action name option, type a name that describes the enforcement action configuration.
From the Action type option, determine how threats identified by the managed rule selected in step 13.2 will be handled (i.e., block, alert, redirect, or send a custom response).
From the Audit Managed Rule option, select the desired managed rule.
Filter the Threats tab of the Security dashboard by the above managed rule or the audit profile type to track detected threats.
Disable auditing by setting the Audit Managed Rule option
to No Audit Rule.
Optional. Apply a production and audit Content Security Policy to your traffic by selecting the desired Client-Side Protection policy.
From the Rules section, click Client Protection.
From the Select Policy option, select the desired Client-Side Protection policy.
The Client-Side Protection policy’s configuration determines whether its production and audit Content Security Policy will be applied to your traffic through the Content-Security-Policy and Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only response headers, respectively.
Click Save.
Click Accept All Changes.
Click Save Changes.
To reorder Security App configurations
Navigate to the Security App page.
From the Edgio Console, select the desired organization.
From the Security section, click Security Apps.
Drag the desired configuration’s icon to the desired position.
Click Accept All Changes.
Click Save Changes.
If multiple Security App configurations are applicable to the same request, then consider updating their host or URL path conditions to a more restrictive pattern.
Traffic is always screened using the first eligible Security App configuration.
To modify a Security App configuration
Navigate to the Security App page.
From the Edgio Console, select the desired organization.
From the Security section, click Security Apps.
Click on the desired Security App configuration.
Make the desired changes.
Click Save.
Click Accept All Changes.
Click Save Changes.
To delete a Security App configuration
Navigate to the Security App page.
From the Edgio Console, select the desired organization.
From the Security section, click Security Apps.
Click on the desired Security App configuration.
Click Delete.
When prompted, confirm the deletion by clicking Confirm.
View a previous version of your Security App configuration.
Reactivate a previous version of your Security App configuration.
Compare a previous version of your Security App configuration to the current version.
An advantage of using version control is that it allows you to quickly roll back to a previously vetted configuration. For example, if you notice that a new configuration has resulted in more false positives, then you can roll back to the previous version before analyzing the data.
To view, compare, and reactivate a previous configuration
Navigate to the Security App page.
From the Edgio Console, select the desired organization.
From the Security section, click Security Apps.
Click Versions.
Optional. Compare the current version with a previous one by clicking the icon next to the desired previous version. Differences between those two versions are highlighted in green (new or updated lines) and red (modified or deleted lines).
Click on the desired version to view it.
Optional. Reactivate the version selected in the previous step by clicking Reactivate. Click Reactivate this version to confirm that it will be reactivated.
